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Child writing Abbreviation ADHD on a blackboard

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often thought of as a childhood condition, but it is crucial to recognise that ADHD frequently persists into adulthood. Adult ADHD presents unique challenges, particularly in the areas of emotional dysregulation and impulsive behavior. Insights from leading experts like Dr. Russell Barkley have been instrumental in understanding these aspects, thereby shaping effective management strategies.Emotional Dysregulation in Adults with ADHDEmotional dysregulation is a core feature of adult ADHD that is often overlooked. Dr. Russell Barkley emphasises that individuals with ADHD frequently struggle with managing their emotions, which can manifest as intense emotional reactions, mood swings, and difficulty calming down once upset (Barkley, 2015).Key characteristics of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD include:* Intense emotional responses: Adults with ADHD may experience emotions more intensely than others, reacting strongly to situations that might not elicit the same response from those without ADHD. * Mood swings: Rapid shifts in mood, from excitement to frustration or sadness, are common. * Difficulty with self-soothing: Once emotionally aroused, individuals with ADHD often find it challenging to return to a calm state, leading to prolonged periods of distress.These emotional challenges can affect various aspects of life, including personal relationships, professional interactions, and overall mental health. Addressing emotional dysregulation is crucial for improving the quality of life for adults with ADHD.Impulsive Behavior in Adults with ADHDImpulsivity is another hallmark of ADHD that persists into adulthood. It encompasses behaviors characterised by a lack of foresight, poor decision-making, and difficulty delaying gratification. Research highlights that impulsivity in adults with ADHD can lead to significant life challenges (Barkley, 2015).Common impulsive behaviors in adults with ADHD include:* Spontaneous decision-making: Making hasty decisions without considering the consequences, which can lead to financial problems, career instability, or relationship issues. * Interrupting others: Difficulty waiting for their turn to speak, often interrupting conversations, which can strain social and professional relationships. * Risk-taking behaviors: Engaging in activities without fully considering the risks involved, such as reckless driving or substance abuse.These impulsive actions can have far-reaching consequences, affecting various aspects of an adult's life. Addressing impulsive behavior through appropriate interventions is essential for helping adults with ADHD manage their symptoms more effectively.For those looking to explore this topic further, Dr. Barkley’s book, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment, is an excellent resource.

Understanding ADHD in Adults: Emotional Dysregulation and Impulsive Behavior

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<blockquote><h3><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: calc(18px * var(--body-fontSize, 1)); font-style: var(--body-fontStyle, normal); background-color: rgba(249,250,251,var(--tw-bg-opacity)); -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" data-mce-style="font-family: inherit; font-size: calc(18px * var(--body-fontSize, 1)); font-style: var(--body-fontStyle, normal); background-color: rgba(249,250,251,var(--tw-bg-opacity)); -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">Christmas often feels like a time wrapped in warmth and wonder. Twinkling lights, decorated trees, and shared meals paint a picture of togetherness and joy. It's a season that promises connection, love, and the comfort of traditions. But beneath the festive surface lies a deeper story—one of emotions that touch on our very essence as humans. For some, this time of year highlights cherished relationships and a sense of belonging. For others, it brings into sharp focus feelings of loss, longing, or complexity. Whether spent surrounded by loved ones or in quiet solitude, Christmas has a way of revealing the threads that tie us to each other, for better or for worse. </h3></blockquote>The Roots of Love: How Early Attachments Shape Us The way we love and connect as adults often has roots in our earliest experiences of care. From the very beginning, we form bonds with parents and caregivers that create a kind of emotional blueprint—an inner map that guides how we approach trust, closeness, and vulnerability throughout life.At Christmas, a holiday so often tied to family and tradition, these early patterns can quietly reappear. The people we choose to share the day with, the traditions we carry forward, and even the emotions stirred by familiar smells or sounds often reflect the echoes of those first connections. In seeking joy and comfort during this season, we may unconsciously be searching for the safety and warmth we first felt—or wished for—as children.Beneath the Glitter: The Complexity of Relationships Our closest relationships are rarely simple. They hold a mix of emotions—love, affection, but also frustration and pain. The festive season, with all its emphasis on joy and harmony, has a way of bringing those layers to the surface.Family gatherings can stir nostalgia and laughter, but they can also unearth old wounds or unresolved tensions. These feelings, though uncomfortable, are part of being human. Accepting the messy, beautiful complexity of our relationships allows us to approach them with compassion and understanding. Feeling a mix of warmth and discomfort doesn’t mean we’re failing—it means we’re alive.Carrying Loved Ones With Us Even when loved ones aren’t physically present, they live on within us. Their words, gestures, and values shape who we are, and at Christmas, these internal ties often feel especially vivid.You might find yourself preparing a recipe your grandmother once made, hanging an ornament that reminds you of a friend, or simply feeling a quiet joy because it’s how someone you loved always felt at this time of year. In these moments, we honour their presence in our lives and carry forward their spirit in small but meaningful ways.The Other Side of the Holiday Cheer For some, Christmas shines a light on what’s missing rather than what’s there. The loss of loved ones, distance from family, or a sense of isolation can make the season feel heavy instead of joyful.If this resonates with you, know that these feelings are valid. Christmas isn’t always about perfect moments or idealised togetherness—it’s about being real with ourselves. Sometimes, that means allowing space for grief, longing, or even frustration. These emotions, too, are part of the human experience.Making Christmas Your Own The beauty of Christmas lies in its potential to be personal and true to you. There’s no right or wrong way to celebrate. Whether you’re surrounded by family, spending the day with friends, or choosing quiet time for yourself, what matters is that it feels meaningful to you.Maybe you’ll create new traditions that reflect where you are now, or honour the past by continuing rituals that ground you. Perhaps it’s a day for laughter and connection—or maybe it’s a moment for reflection, gratitude, and peace. Whatever your choice, let it be one that feels authentic and nourishing.Christmas invites us to embrace the full range of our emotions—joy, longing, love, and hope. It’s a time to reflect on the relationships that have shaped us, whether they’re present in our lives or held in memory. By leaning into the deeper meaning of the season, we can create a celebration that feels truly ours, filled with the richness of connection and the quiet comfort of being human.

Christmas, Relationships, and the Unconscious Ties That Bind Us

<h2>Myth 1: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy is Only for Severe Mental Illness</h2>One of the most pervasive myths about psychoanalytic psychotherapy is that it is only suitable for individuals with severe mental illnesses. This misconception can deter people from seeking help when they need it. In reality, psychoanalytic psychotherapy can benefit a wide range of individuals, including those dealing with everyday stress, relationship issues, and personal growth challenges. The therapy focuses on understanding the unconscious processes that influence behavior, which can be valuable for anyone looking to gain deeper self-awareness.<figure id="figure-wk5od9lc1m49n7q97"><img id="wk5od9lc1m49n7q97" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1489075069/photo/woman-of-black-ethnicity-sharing-her-thoughts-and-emotion-at-the-therapy.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=XgOvEuaDoJ0yJFwMoLuR0TUNwX6x-MuGRp97HmcAYJI=" alt="therapy session" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1489075069/photo/woman-of-black-ethnicity-sharing-her-thoughts-and-emotion-at-the-therapy.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=XgOvEuaDoJ0yJFwMoLuR0TUNwX6x-MuGRp97HmcAYJI=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>Myth 2: Psychoanalytic Therapy Takes Years to Show Results</h2>Another common myth is that psychoanalytic psychotherapy takes years, if not decades, to show any tangible results. While it is true that this form of therapy often involves a long-term commitment, many people begin to experience significant insights and improvements within a few months. The duration of therapy largely depends on the individual's specific needs and goals. Short-term psychoanalytic therapy options are also available, which can be effective for addressing specific issues.<h2>Myth 3: It's All About Childhood</h2>Many people believe that psychoanalytic psychotherapy focuses exclusively on childhood experiences and relationships. While early life experiences are indeed important, the therapy also addresses current life situations, relationships, and emotions. The goal is to understand how past experiences influence present behavior and feelings, but it is not limited to exploring childhood alone. This comprehensive approach helps individuals develop healthier coping mechanisms and improve their overall wellbeing.<figure id="figure-qdeu9lye2bm49n7q97"><img id="qdeu9lye2bm49n7q97" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1560149395/photo/portrait-of-a-nostalgic-woman-bringing-the-family-photo-album-to-her-senior-father-so-they.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Y2SIu10ckaVVj6ejRY5QBISbwqwfgQq-0Awa-zdL-Yk=" alt="childhood memories" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1560149395/photo/portrait-of-a-nostalgic-woman-bringing-the-family-photo-album-to-her-senior-father-so-they.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Y2SIu10ckaVVj6ejRY5QBISbwqwfgQq-0Awa-zdL-Yk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>Myth 4: The Therapist Remains Silent</h2>A frequent misconception is that psychoanalytic therapists remain silent throughout the sessions, offering little to no feedback. In reality, therapists actively engage with their clients, providing interpretations, insights, and support. The therapist's role is to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings freely. The interaction between the therapist and the client is crucial for the therapeutic process and helps facilitate meaningful changes.<h2>Myth 5: It’s Only for Intellectuals</h2>Some people think that psychoanalytic psychotherapy is only for intellectuals or those who enjoy deep, philosophical discussions. However, this form of therapy is accessible to anyone, regardless of their intellectual background. The focus is on understanding and resolving psychological issues, which can be beneficial for individuals from all walks of life. The therapist tailors the approach to meet the unique needs and preferences of each client.<figure id="figure-tr44jajycm49n7q97"><img id="tr44jajycm49n7q97" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/79328361/photo/mother-and-son-looking-at-lake.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=QCQzaaz2x80Rb6j-6X219Z4cTV_cisP3UCYetkfFdWk=" alt="diverse people" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/79328361/photo/mother-and-son-looking-at-lake.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=QCQzaaz2x80Rb6j-6X219Z4cTV_cisP3UCYetkfFdWk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>Myth 6: It’s Outdated</h2>There is a belief that psychoanalytic psychotherapy is an outdated practice, replaced by more modern therapeutic approaches. While it is one of the oldest forms of therapy, it has evolved significantly over the years. Contemporary psychoanalytic therapy incorporates new research and techniques, making it a dynamic and effective treatment option. It continues to be relevant and beneficial for many individuals seeking deep psychological understanding and healing.<h2>Myth 7: Therapy Always Uncovers Traumatic Memories</h2>Another myth is that psychoanalytic psychotherapy always uncovers traumatic memories, which can be distressing for clients. While the therapy may explore past experiences, the process is guided by the client's readiness and comfort level. The aim is to help clients understand their emotions and behaviors, not to force them to relive traumatic events. The therapist works collaboratively with the client to ensure a safe and supportive exploration of their inner world.<figure id="figure-hmbk2zd4mm49n7q97"><img id="hmbk2zd4mm49n7q97" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1039533386/photo/group-of-people-sitting-in-a-circle-on-group-therapy-looking-at-their-therapist-and-listening.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=0tjFM1Q8bEVV4UUpn10st7F2EpwpmvbKpw3YzCC73kM=" alt="safe therapy" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1039533386/photo/group-of-people-sitting-in-a-circle-on-group-therapy-looking-at-their-therapist-and-listening.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=0tjFM1Q8bEVV4UUpn10st7F2EpwpmvbKpw3YzCC73kM=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>Myth 8: It’s Too Expensive</h2>Cost is often cited as a barrier to accessing psychoanalytic psychotherapy. While it can be more expensive than other forms of therapy, many therapists offer sliding scale fees based on the client's financial situation. Additionally, some insurance plans cover psychoanalytic therapy. It's important to discuss financial concerns with potential therapists, as they may be able to work out a payment plan or refer you to low-cost options.In conclusion, psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a versatile and effective treatment option that can benefit a wide range of individuals. By debunking these common myths, we hope to encourage more people to consider this valuable approach to mental health and personal growth.

Debunking Common Myths About Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy

<h2>Understanding Therapy: Breaking Down Barriers</h2>Therapy is often surrounded by misconceptions that can discourage people from seeking the support they need. A common myth is that therapy is only for those with severe mental health concerns. In reality, therapy is for anyone navigating stress, life transitions, or personal challenges. It offers a safe, confidential space to reflect on your inner world and gain deeper self-awareness.Working with a therapist provides the opportunity to explore your thoughts and emotions with the clarity that comes from collaboration. With two minds working together, you can gain new perspectives and better understand complex situations. Therapy is also a space where you can discuss sensitive or confidential matters that might feel too difficult to share elsewhere.For those in professions requiring high levels of confidentiality, therapy can act as a form of supervision, offering a safe outlet to process experiences and challenges. Whether for self-awareness, emotional support, or professional reflection, therapy is a valuable resource that can help you grow and navigate life’s complexities.Additionally, relationship trauma can only truly heal within the context of a relationship. The therapeutic relationship provides a unique space where trust, empathy, and understanding are built over time. This connection allows you to experience a safe and supportive relationship, which can help repair wounds caused by past relational trauma. The therapist’s role is to offer consistent presence, validation, and a non-judgmental environment, helping you explore and process past hurts while building healthier patterns of relating to others. In this way, therapy becomes a transformative experience, offering healing through the very connection it fosters.<figure id="figure-51jezmkt8m4dxj6ca"><img id="51jezmkt8m4dxj6ca" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1489075069/photo/woman-of-black-ethnicity-sharing-her-thoughts-and-emotion-at-the-therapy.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=XgOvEuaDoJ0yJFwMoLuR0TUNwX6x-MuGRp97HmcAYJI=" alt="therapy session" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1489075069/photo/woman-of-black-ethnicity-sharing-her-thoughts-and-emotion-at-the-therapy.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=XgOvEuaDoJ0yJFwMoLuR0TUNwX6x-MuGRp97HmcAYJI=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>Myth: Therapy Is a Quick Fix</h2>A common misconception about therapy is that it offers immediate solutions to life’s challenges. In reality, therapy is a journey that takes time, patience, and commitment. It’s not about quick fixes but about developing a deeper understanding of yourself and building lasting coping strategies.Therapy is a gradual process that helps uncover the root causes of your struggles. Each session adds a layer of insight, guiding you toward long-term solutions. The journey is unique to everyone, and the pace of progress depends on individual circumstances and needs.Think of it this way: you wouldn’t put a plaster on a deep wound and expect it to heal fully. If the underlying injury isn’t properly treated, it’s likely to reopen, causing more pain. Similarly, therapy goes beyond surface-level fixes to address the deeper issues, ensuring true healing and lasting change.Meaningful change in therapy comes through consistency and dedication. By showing up and engaging with the process, you create the foundation for growth, resilience, and lasting transformation.<h3>Commitment to the Process</h3>Engaging in therapy involves an investment of both time and effort. Regular attendance and active participation in sessions are crucial for achieving desired outcomes. By committing to the process, individuals not only experience profound personal growth and improved mental health but also learn the value of consistency. This consistency can then be applied to all areas of life, strengthening relationships and fostering stability in day-to-day routines.<figure id="figure-uhjbehwbwfm4dxj6ca"><img id="uhjbehwbwfm4dxj6ca" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1306853071/photo/world-heart-and-mental-health-day-paper-cut-as-human-head-with-leaf-tree-and-colorful-heart.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=9LlwRVygnrb_iA5bdEsPIB85qCRsjpoQbzJlVHu1sS0=" alt="mental health growth" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1306853071/photo/world-heart-and-mental-health-day-paper-cut-as-human-head-with-leaf-tree-and-colorful-heart.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=9LlwRVygnrb_iA5bdEsPIB85qCRsjpoQbzJlVHu1sS0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>Myth: Therapists Will Judge You</h2>A common fear that prevents people from seeking therapy is the worry of being judged. However, therapists are trained professionals who provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment. Their role is to listen, understand, and guide without bias or criticism.Therapists adhere to strict ethical guidelines that prioritise client confidentiality and respect. The therapeutic relationship is built on trust, allowing clients to express themselves openly and honestly, knowing they are in a safe space.As a Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist, I can share an example from my own training. During my eight years of clinical training, I underwent in-depth analysis myself, sometimes up to four times a week. As a client, I experienced the therapeutic process firsthand. This has given me a profound understanding of what it means to be vulnerable, to explore deeply personal thoughts and feelings, and to work through challenges in a safe and supportive environment.This personal experience enhances my ability to empathise with clients and understand the courage it takes to embark on therapy. It’s this shared human experience that allows therapy to be a space of growth, healing, and trust.<span style="font-family: var(--head-fontFamily); font-size: calc(32px * var(--head-fontSize, 1)); font-style: var(--head-fontStyle, normal); background-color: rgba(249,250,251,var(--tw-bg-opacity)); -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" data-mce-style="font-family: var(--head-fontFamily); font-size: calc(32px * var(--head-fontSize, 1)); font-style: var(--head-fontStyle, normal); background-color: rgba(249,250,251,var(--tw-bg-opacity)); -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The Importance of ConfidentialityConfidentiality is a cornerstone of the therapeutic relationship, creating a safe space where clients can express themselves without fear of judgment or exposure. It fosters trust, allowing clients to delve into sensitive issues they might not feel comfortable discussing elsewhere. Therapists adhere to professional ethical guidelines and legal standards that mandate the safeguarding of a client’s information, ensuring that personal details shared during sessions remain private.In most cases, everything discussed in therapy stays confidential. However, confidentiality is not absolute, and there are specific circumstances under which it may need to be breached. These exceptions are clearly outlined at the outset of therapy to maintain transparency and help clients understand the limits of confidentiality.When Confidentiality May Be Breached A therapist may be legally or ethically required to breach confidentiality in the following scenarios:Risk of Harm to Self or Others:If a client discloses an intention or plan to harm themselves (e.g., suicide) or others (e.g., threats of violence), the therapist must take steps to prevent harm. This could involve contacting emergency services or notifying relevant authorities. Safeguarding Concerns:If there is a disclosure of abuse, neglect, or exploitation involving children, vulnerable adults, or elders, therapists are mandated to report this to social services or other safeguarding bodies.Legal Obligations:In certain legal situations, such as a court subpoena, therapists may be required to provide information or records. However, therapists often seek to protect client confidentiality as much as possible, even in these cases. Terrorism and Criminal Activity:In jurisdictions with specific laws, therapists must report disclosures related to planned or ongoing terrorist activities or other serious criminal offences. Why Therapists Request GP Details Therapists ask for a client’s GP (General Practitioner) details for ethical and safety reasons. While most clients do not require their therapist to liaise with their GP, having this information allows the therapist to act responsibly in specific situations:Mental Health Emergencies:If a client is at significant risk of harm to themselves or others, the therapist may need to contact the GP to ensure appropriate support and intervention. Medical Conditions Affecting Mental Health:Sometimes, a client’s physical health issues or medications can influence their mental well-being. With the client’s consent, a therapist may consult the GP to better understand or address the client’s situation holistically. Continuity of Care:In cases where a client is unable to continue therapy due to a crisis, the therapist may need to coordinate with the GP to ensure continuity of care and support. Duty of Care:Asking for GP details is part of a therapist’s duty of care to the client, ensuring that they can act responsibly in rare but critical situations.<figure id="figure-2wy0a57pecm4dxj6ca"><img id="2wy0a57pecm4dxj6ca" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1152836719/photo/psychiatrist-councelling-his-patient-hands-during-therapy.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vpZEGvctbg1K3WYX94WEHxfC8_-TkR8uItat5sMi8_g=" alt="confidential therapy" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1152836719/photo/psychiatrist-councelling-his-patient-hands-during-therapy.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vpZEGvctbg1K3WYX94WEHxfC8_-TkR8uItat5sMi8_g=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2> </h2>

Addressing Common Misconceptions about Therapy

<h3>“It's a little Anxious," Piglet said to himself, "to be a Very Small Animal Entirely Surrounded by Water”</h3> Piglet, the smallest of A.A. Milne’s characters in Winnie the Pooh, finds many things scary and frightening.&nbsp; Piglet is often aware of danger, threat of difficulty around.&nbsp; Piglet feels anxious.&nbsp; Anxiety is the feeling of being scared, worried or afraid.&nbsp; The word “anxiety” may come from the Latin angō, which means “I cause physical pain” or “I torment or distress”.&nbsp; Another root of the word may be the Latin word ‘angere’ meaning to choke or strangle.&nbsp; These definitions help us to better understand the way that anxiety can impact a person’s life.&nbsp; For someone affected by anxiety, physical symptoms such as tense muscles and difficulty breathing along with troubling thoughts and feelings can cause real distress.&nbsp;Most people feel anxious or scared at times, especially when coping with change or stressful events.&nbsp; People can experience a sense of anxiety about what is about to happen or what they fear or anticipate may happen.&nbsp; Anxiety is often a future related response.&nbsp; Like other mammals, a certain amount of anxiety is useful to humans.&nbsp; On becoming aware of some perceived danger or threat, our bodies release certain hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones alert us to be on guard and responsive to threat so that we can take action.&nbsp;&nbsp; Our hearts beat faster so that blood can quickly reach the parts of our body needed to run or fight the threat.&nbsp; We may feel shaky and breathless as a result of these hormones.&nbsp; This response was very useful to our ancestors when we faced the threat of a sabre-toothed tiger, for example.&nbsp; And it is still very useful today when we need to take prompt action to ensure our survival.&nbsp; However, for some people, the warning and action system of anxiety is particularly sensitive and remains on high alert when a threat has passed or is a minor, rather than a major threat.&nbsp; Anxiety can impact on a person’s day-to-day functioning and quality of life, and the good news is that with support, humans can find ways to manage an over-sensitive warning system and thus find relief from debilitating anxiety.&nbsp; Anxiety has common symptoms; however, different people will experience anxiety in different ways.&nbsp; Someone may have a general feeling of worry fear and dread, or anxiety may be related to a specific fear, action, place or event.&nbsp; Some people experience panic attacks and /or nightmares.&nbsp; For others, physical symptoms may or may not include butterflies in the stomach, increased heart rate and breathing and / or feeling faint or dizzy.&nbsp; Thinking is an important component of anxiety, and a person may or may not experience racing thoughts and trouble concentrating.&nbsp; For some people with anxiety who seek medical help, they may be given a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder.&nbsp; For example, generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, health anxiety and &nbsp;<a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder" data-mce-href="https://www.healthline.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD) are some of the diagnoses that a doctor can give when a person experiences the symptoms of anxiety.&nbsp; For someone with a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, treatment options may include self-help strategies, medication and/or talking therapies.&nbsp; For many people who experience symptoms of anxiety but do not have a diagnosis, self-help and working with a supportive counsellor or psychotherapist can help improve a person’s quality of life and help them to feel more able to cope with difficulty.&nbsp;

Anxiety

Little Asian boy stand by window, hand cover ears, face down, crying and screaming.

From the first wail of a newborn, the world is reminded of how profoundly a child is woven into the fabric of care they receive. In the fragility of their formative years, a child's plea for comfort—be it for hunger, warmth, or protection—echoes a universal truth: they are the stewards of our collective future, tenderly reliant on the benevolence of those who tend to them.Yet, not all cries are met with solace, nor all needs with nurture. The stark absence of gentle hands to guide them, or the shadow of abandonment, can scar a child's journey, forging wounds that time alone cannot mend. When a child's sanctuary of growth becomes a battlefield of neglect or abuse, the trespasses against their innocence disrupt the very core of their development. The delicate dance of neurons within a child’s brain, crafting the tapestry of attachment and emotion, is interrupted—sometimes irreparably so—by trauma's cruel hand.Studies like the landmark Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) research of the 1990s have illuminated the long shadows cast by early trauma.The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is a groundbreaking body of research that has significantly shaped our understanding of the long-term effects of childhood trauma. Conducted in the late 1990s, the study surveyed thousands of adults to assess the correlation between their early experiences and their current health and behavior.The study identified ten specific types of adversity in three categories: abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. The types of abuse noted were physical, emotional, and sexual. Neglect was divided into physical and emotional neglect. Household dysfunction included witnessing domestic violence, living with substance abusers, experiencing mental illness in the home, having a member of the household in prison, and losing a parent to separation, divorce, or another reason.Participants were asked to report whether they had experienced any of these adverse conditions before the age of 18. Each type of adversity counted as one "ACE." The total number of ACEs was then tallied for each person. What the researchers found was startling: the higher the number of ACEs, the greater the risk for a wide array of problems. These included physical health issues, such as heart disease and diabetes, mental health problems, like depression and anxiety, and behavioral issues, including substance abuse and poor academic performance.The ACE Study was significant because it linked the emotional and physical experiences of childhood with the physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. It illustrated how early experiences can "get under the skin" and show up decades later as various health challenges. This changed the way doctors, educators, and social workers think about treating and preventing health problems. By understanding the role of early adversity, interventions can be more effectively tailored to help individuals heal from their past and build a healthier future.The healing journey for survivors of childhood trauma is as diverse as the individuals themselves. While prevention is the unwavering goal, the path to healing is strewn with varying stepping stones—medical support, therapeutic alliances, and the catharsis of validation. The act of acknowledging that the wounds of the past were not self-inflicted, within the safe haven of therapy, can unfurl the tightest clasp of long-held pain.As we forge ahead, let us remember that the work of healing is not a solitary affair but a collective vow to transform the echoes of a child's cry into a symphony of support, understanding, and unwavering compassion.

Trauma in childhood

Simina Simion Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist

I’m a UKCP-accredited psychoanalytic psychotherapist with a background in forensic psychology. 

I offer long-term, weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy for adults navigating emotional challenges, relationship patterns, and the deeper questions that shape their inner lives.

My work is for those who are high-functioning on the outside, but internally tired, overwhelmed by anxiety, emptiness, people-pleasing, or repeating the same painful patterns in relationships. Perhaps you’ve been in therapy before, but felt it only scratched the surface. In my practice, we go to the root.

I will help you understand the unconscious patterns that formed early in life, often around difficult attachment or copying strategies you no longer need. Together, we make sense of your internal world and create space for a more authentic, grounded self to emerge.

Specialisations:

Relationship issues
Specialised in ADHD
Loneliness and co-dependency
PTSD, depression and anxiety
Stress management
Childhood trauma (developmental trauma)
Attachment and separation difficulties
Identity exploration, relationship dynamics, and interpersonal issues
Employment and financial difficulties
Pre- and Post-natal depression, challenges of new parenthood
Fertility problems, coping with miscarriages
Gender and sexuality concerns
Grief and loss
Anger management and emotional difficulties
Migration, acculturation, and deportation issues
Marital problems and relationship struggles
Personal growth and improving relationships